How to Get an EIN as a Freelancer (Step by Step)

If you freelance, sooner or later a client, a bank, or a form will ask for an EIN. Many people panic or search online and end up on sites that charge for something the IRS gives away for free.

This guide explains what an EIN is, who needs one, and exactly how to apply. It is educational, not legal or tax advice.

What Is an EIN?

An Employer Identification Number (EIN) is a nine-digit number the IRS assigns to businesses, similar to a Social Security number (SSN) for a company. It is also called a federal tax ID number.

It looks like this: XX-XXXXXXX.

Do Freelancers Need an EIN?

Not always. If you’re a sole proprietor with no employees, you can usually use your SSN for tax purposes. But an EIN can still be useful or required in several cases.

You generally need an EIN if you:

Hire employees
Operate as an LLC with more than one member, or a corporation or partnership
Open a Solo 401(k) plan
File certain kinds of tax returns, such as employment or excise returns

You may want an EIN even if you don’t need one:

To protect your SSN. Clients often ask for a tax ID on Form W-9. Giving an EIN instead means fewer people see your Social Security number.
To open a business bank account. Many banks ask for one.
To look more professional and keep personal and business information separate.
If you form an LLC. See our guide to Sole Proprietor vs. LLC to decide whether that makes sense.

An EIN doesn’t change how a sole proprietor is taxed. You still report on Schedule C and pay self-employment tax.

What You Need Before You Apply

Have this information ready:

Your legal name and Social Security number (or ITIN)
Your business name, if any (a «doing business as» name is optional for sole proprietors)
Your business address and phone number
Your business structure: sole proprietor, single-member LLC, etc.
The reason for applying, such as «started a new business» or «banking purposes»
Your business start date and tax year (calendar year for most freelancers)

The EIN Is Free

The IRS does not charge a fee for an EIN. Some third-party websites charge $50 to $300 or more to file the form for you. You don’t need them. Always start at IRS.gov and make sure the web address ends in «.gov».

How to Apply Online (Step by Step)

The online application is the fastest option for most people, and you receive your number immediately when you finish.

Go to the IRS website. Search for «Apply for an EIN online» on IRS.gov.
Check the hours. The online tool is available during limited hours on weekdays, in Eastern Time, so don’t try late at night or on weekends.
Click «Apply Online Now.»
Choose your entity type. Most freelancers pick «Sole Proprietor» or «Limited Liability Company» if they’ve formed one.
Confirm why you’re applying. Select the reason that fits, usually «Started a new business.»
Enter your personal information. As the «responsible party,» you’ll provide your name and SSN or ITIN.
Enter your business information. Add your address, business name (if any), and start date.
Describe your business. Choose the category that matches your work, such as «Other services» or «Professional services.»
Answer the remaining questions. These cover items like employees and how you want to receive confirmation.
Review and submit.
Download and save your confirmation. You’ll get your EIN right away. Save the PDF in a safe place, and print a copy.

Tips:

The online session times out after a period of inactivity and can’t be saved, so have everything ready.
Enter your information exactly as it appears on your tax records.
The IRS limits how many EINs can be issued to the same responsible party per day, so don’t submit duplicates.

Other Ways to Apply

If you can’t use the online tool, you have other options:

By mail or fax: complete Form SS-4 and send it to the IRS. This takes longer, from days by fax to weeks by mail.
By phone (international applicants): if you have no SSN or ITIN and live outside the US, the IRS has a special process. Check the Form SS-4 instructions for the current number and steps.

What to Do After You Get Your EIN

Save your confirmation letter. The IRS may later mail a notice (often called CP 575). Keep both.
Use it on Forms W-9. Give your EIN to clients who need your tax ID.
Open a business bank account. Keep income and expenses separate. Our guide to simple bookkeeping shows how to stay organized.
Set up retirement savings. If you want a Solo 401(k), you’ll need your EIN. Compare options in SEP IRA vs. Solo 401(k).
Keep tracking taxes. Mark your due dates using our Freelance Tax Deadlines calendar.
Check your state requirements. Some states and cities have their own business registration or tax IDs.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Paying a third-party site. The IRS charges nothing.
Applying twice. One business generally needs only one EIN, and duplicates can create confusion.
Picking the wrong entity type. If you’re unsure, check the structure before you apply, because it’s harder to fix later.
Losing the confirmation. Save the PDF in cloud storage and keep a paper copy.
Sharing your EIN carelessly. It’s less sensitive than an SSN but still identifies your business. Share it only with clients and institutions that need it.
Using the wrong number on tax forms. Be consistent so your income is matched to you correctly.

What If You Lose Your EIN?

Don’t apply for a new one. Instead, try to find it in:

Your original IRS confirmation letter or notice
Past tax returns
Your business bank account paperwork
Documents from clients or financial institutions

If you still can’t find it, you can contact the IRS Business & Specialty Tax Line to ask for help. Have identity details ready.

Frequently Asked Questions

How long does it take to get an EIN?
Online, you get your number immediately after submitting. By fax it can take a few days, and by mail several weeks.

How much does an EIN cost?
Nothing when you apply with the IRS.

Do I need an EIN if I’m a sole proprietor?
Not necessarily, but it’s often a good idea for privacy and banking.

Does an EIN expire?
No. It stays with your business unless it’s closed or changes structure in ways that require a new number.

Can I use my EIN instead of my SSN on a W-9?
Yes, if you have an EIN and it applies to your business, you can provide it in place of your SSN.

Do I need a new EIN if I move or rename my business?
Often no, but some changes do require one. Check the IRS guidance for your situation.

Final Thoughts

Getting an EIN takes about 15 minutes and costs nothing. It can protect your Social Security number, help you open a business bank account, and prepare you for growth. Apply directly with the IRS, save your confirmation, and avoid sites that charge for it.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational and educational purposes only and does not constitute legal, tax, or financial advice. IRS procedures and availability change. Verify current instructions at IRS.gov or consult a licensed tax professional.

Last Update: October 9, 2026